Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: a critical examination in disaster situations

Abstract

Climate-related disasters are critical global challenges, and social work is vital in supporting individuals and communities to promote their well-being in response. This empirical research examines how Maslow’s hierarchy applies to social service provision in Oman following climate events, focusing on the framework’s potential and limitations within an Islamic cultural setting. This qualitative study employs 43 semi-structured interviews with a diverse group, including senior managers, social workers, non-governmental organization workers, religious leaders, and service users. Through thematic analysis, the data shows significant similarities between the needs of people affected by climate events and Maslow’s theory, which has led the state to provide services based on this hierarchy. However, the study emphasizes that in an Islamic society like Oman, spiritual needs are not confined to the higher levels of the hierarchy but must be addressed at all levels. This means religious practitioners should be involved in relief efforts from the beginning of such events. The study also illustrates the importance of maintaining robust communication networks, which should be considered a fundamental necessity. Policy, practice, and educational implications are discussed, proposing adaptations to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs within social work curricula and advocating for integrating spiritual needs into comprehensive disaster management frameworks.

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