Examining the nexus between housing conditions and health outcomes in Palestinian society: a mixed-method investigation

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Palestinian health conditions are exacerbated by high housing density, overcrowding, moisture issues, poor air circulation, poverty, limited health services, and housing insecurity, leading to chronic illnesses and mental health challenges. This study aims to explore the intricate connection between housing conditions and health outcomes, particularly focusing on the psychological, mental, and physical well-being of Palestinians. METHODS: The study employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. A structured questionnaire, developed based on expert discussions and previous research, assesses health indicators across the three domains. Descriptive statistics and Stepwise Multiple Regression techniques are used for data analysis. Additionally, ten structured interviews are conducted to provide qualitative insights into the detrimental impacts of housing conditions on health. RESULTS: The quantitative analysis reveals significant associations between housing characteristics and health outcomes. Participants residing in smaller households, with higher family incomes, and in private homes report better health across all domains. Urban residents generally exhibit better health outcomes compared to rural or refugee camp dwellers, highlighting disparities in resource accessibility. Moreover, stability in residential environments positively correlates with overall well-being. Qualitative findings underscore the negative impact of cramped living conditions, poor building supplies, and military occupation/ conflict on mental and physical health. CONCLUSION: The study emphasizes the interconnectedness of socio-demographic factors with health outcomes among Palestinians. It highlights the crucial role of family dynamics, socioeconomic status, housing type, residential environment, and the political situation-particularly its impact on housing security and stress levels-in determining physical, mental, and psychological well-being. Addressing structural inequalities and promoting equitable access to resources and opportunities are essential steps towards improving health outcomes in Palestinian society. The study's findings can inform policy development for Palestinians, addressing structural inequalities and improving healthcare, housing affordability, and socioeconomic opportunities, with future research utilizing longitudinal designs and cross-cultural comparisons.

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