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The development of the sports industry, including football, plays a crucial role in fostering economic growth through a virtuous cycle.As the football industry continues to evolve, it is essential that various stakeholders, including elite players, administrators, coaches, and amateur participants, transform their knowledge and intentions into actual behaviors.According to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), attitudes toward football significantly influence behavioral execution.In this study, a structured questionnaire was utilized to examine the relationships among football-related general knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among adult football learners.Data were collected and analyzed using a structural equation model (SEM) to explore these interconnections.The findings of this research partially supported the applicability of TPB to football stakeholders.Specifically, it was confirmed that football-related attitudes serve as a full mediating variable between general knowledge and behaviors (attitude → behavior, p < 0.001).This suggests that individuals with higher levels of football-related knowledge are more likely to develop positive attitudes toward football, which in turn fosters increased participation and engagement in football-related activities.Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of education and public promotion of football-related general knowledge and theories as a key strategy to further stimulate the development of the football industry.These findings offer valuable insights into the role of knowledge and attitudes in shaping behaviors and provide a foundation for future policies and programs aimed at promoting football participation and industry growth.
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