La liminalité dans l’art rupestre : un indice pour comprendre l’évolution cognitive

Abstract

The advent of immunotherapy in digestive oncology is one of the major advances of the last decade, revolutionizing the prognosis of several solid cancers. Indeed, after the popularity of this therapy in the treatment of melanoma in 2015, followed by non-small cell lung and renal cancers, this new approach has been developed in digestive cancers and has emerged as a promising treatment option with major clinical applications. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy was first developed in the treatment of colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI), then in adjuvant and metastatic oesogastric cancers, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and more recently in cholangiocarcinoma, but to date has not shown efficacy in pancreatic cancer, endocrine tumours and anal canal cancer. The greatest benefit of ICI is in MSI digestive tumours, with tumour control at 5 years in metastatic MSI CRC in particular. In oesogastric cancer, non-MSI cholangiocarcinoma and HCC, the benefit is less significant but results in better tumour control and a significant improvement in overall survival (OS).

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