Birds Iconography in the Lalitavistara Relief of Borobudur Temple: A Study from Biological and Cultural Perspective

Abstract

In panels of Lalitavistara Relief of Borobudur Temple, sculpted birds that are not yet clearly known for their both species and meanings. This research was conducted by observing 120 panels and recording the emergence of bird species. Furthermore, birds were identified based on morphology, behavior, and habitat preferences, then adjusted to the context and storyline of the panel. There were 22 bird species spread across 31 panels with a total of 133 individuals. Green Peafowl (Pavo muticus) was the species that had the most individual appearances, followed by Rock Dove (Columba livia). The Green Peafowl is a symbol of elegance and luxury, but can also be a symbol of arrogance when showing off its beautiful tail feathers. The Rock Dove is a symbol of news bearers, affection and loyalty. The presence of birds and other fauna is not only a complement to the panel room, art decoration, or the casting of artistic expressions, but implies a deep meaning to be conveyed. Bird behavior can be a time marker of the scene according to the natural behavior of the birds. Bird species can also indicate place the panel scene occurs. The presence of birds and other fauna species presents a new perspective and new dimension on how to tell Lalitavistara story relief.

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