Defining, cultivating, and assessing entrepreneurial mindset in higher education: a systematic review and future research directions

Abstract

The growing prominence of entrepreneurship research has spurred interest in understanding the Entrepreneurial Mindset (EM). This systematic review follows the PRISMA technique for article selection and investigates the dimensions, pedagogical strategies, and assessment methods of EM by analysing 132 peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2023, across the disciplines of Engineering, Business, and Psychology. While EM is primarily studied within the context of engineering education, insights from other disciplines provide valuable theoretical perspectives. Existing literature explores personality, cognitive, and behavioural dimensions of EM but its cohesive conceptualisation remains absent. This review introduces a new definition of EM, emphasising its pivotal role in entrepreneurship and industry-oriented careers. It highlights the growing emphasis among engineering institutions to foster EM through various pedagogical approaches. Despite these advancements, the empirical assessment of EM cultivation in students remains limited. A holistic understanding of EM for its effective integration into engineering educational practices is required.

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