Sustainable Competitiveness and Applicative Comparative Analysis of Wine Production Through the Lens of Triple Bottom Line, Robotics, and Industry 5.0 Strategies

Abstract

Industry 5.0 integrates green technology with sustainability, focusing on supplier-customer interaction and knowledge spillovers. It optimizes resource efficiency, circularity, and social responsibility. Robotics enhance capabilities without replacing human labor, and organic agriculture standards and robotics in the wine industry meet consumer demand. The research explores the adoption of these directional and applicative elements under the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) strategy in Romania and Portugal's wine industry, highlighting its potential for sustainability and environmental protection.The study analyzed data on wine indicators: wine consumption, cultivated vineyard area, grape production, volume of wine produced, and value of exports for Romania and Portugal from the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) and the World Trade Map, providing an overview of the wine industry in Romania and Portugal. The data provides insights into the global market performance of Romanian and Portuguese wines, allowing for a comparative evaluation of production capabilities, domestic consumption dynamics, and export competitiveness. It also identified trends and shifts in the wine industry over time. We designed an ANOVA analysis to test if there are significant differences between Romania and Portugal regarding wine indicators. Through an SEM SmartPLs path analysis, we tested the influence of main factors on the value collected from wine export.

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