Understanding the barriers and facilitators of planning and implementing active mobility interventions in Brussels and Malta

Abstract

This paper examines stakeholder’s perceptions about the barriers to planning and implementing active mobility interventions, and strategies to facilitate them. Despite the growing emphasis on sustainable urban mobility, significant obstacles to successful implementation persist, particularly in car-centric environments. An evident gap remains between policy design and implementation due to evolving barriers and facilitators that emerge throughout the intervention. To address this, we conducted research in two European case studies: Malta and Brussels, using a media content analysis and semi-structured stakeholder interviews (n = 15). Our findings reveal that both contexts face common barriers, including deeply ingrained car cultures, financial constraints, and political and knowledge barriers. However, the nature and intensity of these barriers differ due to the progress made by each city in implementing sustainable mobility interventions. In Malta, resistance from financial limitations and political reluctance, whereas in Brussels, political pushback and socio-cultural divisions play a greater role. This research provides novel insights into the complexities of urban transformation, particularly in car-dependent contexts. The findings highlight the importance of targeted policy adjustments, strategic funding mechanisms, and clearer communication to navigate these barriers. Addressing these challenges can enhance the success of active mobility interventions, fostering more liveable urban environments.

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