Intimate partner violence, traumatic brain injury and long-term mental health outcomes in midlife: the Drake IPV study

Natalie D Jenkins · Craig William Ritchie · Karen A. Ritchie · Graciela Muniz Terrera · William B. Stewart Jr.

14 citations0/0 files storedBMJ Mental Health

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Intimate Partner and Family Violence Child Abuse and Trauma Traumatic Brain Injury Research

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Approximately 30% of women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime, often with traumatic brain injury (TBI) exposure. Nevertheless, there has been limited research exploring lifelong brain health outcomes following IPV with TBI. To address this, we investigated the relationship between IPV, TBI and midlife mental health outcomes within an observational cohort study. METHODS: PREVENT Dementia is a cohort study with participants recruited aged 40-59 years for longitudinal measures of brain health. Participants reporting histories of IPV-related physical abuse (IPV-PA) at study recruitment were identified and compared with control participants with no IPV-PA exposure regarding histories of TBI and prevalence of lifetime and ongoing mental health outcomes using standardised assessments. RESULTS: Among 632 participants, 90 (14%) reported IPV-PA history. Compared with unexposed participants, history of IPV-PA was associated with higher TBI exposure, together with higher lifetime and ongoing diagnoses of depression, anxiety and sleep disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology. Notably, the risk of ongoing and concurrent midlife mental health disorders remained despite IPV-PA exposure having ceased on average 27 years before assessment. History of TBI in individuals with IPV was associated with increased risk of ongoing PTSD symptomology and concurrent mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm high TBI exposure among individuals with a history of IPV-PA, while also demonstrating that this population shows higher rates of ongoing adverse mental health outcomes in midlife, often decades after abuse. This work underlines the prevalence of IPV-PA and the necessity to consider TBI exposure and long-term brain health outcomes among this population.

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2017Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys 2016Intimate Partner Violence and Traumatic Brain Injury 2017Traumatic brain injury and PTSD symptoms as a consequence of intimate partner violence 2012The Impact and Consequences of Partner Abuse on Partners 2022Strangulation as an Acquired Brain Injury in Intimate–Partner Violence and Its Relationship to Cognitive and Psychological Functioning: A Preliminary Study 2013Bridging Intimate Partner Violence and the Human Brain 2024Intimate Partner Violence-Related Brain Injury: Unmasking and Addressing the Gaps 2019Intimate Partner Violence, Suicide, and Their Overlapping Risk in Women Veterans: A Review of the Literature

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