Firm-Level Carbon Productivity, Home Country Environmental Performance, and Firm Performance in the Exporting Meat Industry

Valeska V. Geldres-Weiss · Pedro E. Guerrero Stuardo · Svetla Trifonova Marinova · Vesnia Ortiz-Cea · Roberto Reveco

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Environmental Sustainability in Business Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting Sustainable Supply Chain Management

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between firm-level carbon productivity (CRP), home country environmental performance (HCEP), and firm performance—both financial and international—in the global meat exporting industry. While prior research has examined these dynamics in manufacturing sectors, limited attention has been paid to the meat industry, which is both economically significant and environmentally intensive. Using a multiple case study approach, we analyze data from three leading meat-exporting firms—Agrosuper (Chile), BRF (Brazil), and Danish Crown (Denmark)—over the period 2020–2023. CRP is operationalized as the ratio of firm output to CO2 emissions, while HCEP is measured by national emissions per million USD of GDP. Financial performance is assessed via return on assets (ROA), and international performance through export intensity. Our findings reveal a nuanced relationship between CRP and firm performance. Contrary to theoretical expectations, a higher CRP does not consistently translate into improved financial performance, suggesting potential trade-offs between sustainability investments and profitability. However, a positive association is observed between CRP and international performance, particularly in firms operating within environmentally advanced countries. These results highlight the importance of home country environmental contexts in shaping firms’ global competitiveness. This research contributes to the literature by introducing CRP as a firm-level metric in the meat industry and by emphasizing the moderating role of HCEP. The findings offer practical implications for policymakers and managers seeking to align environmental responsibility with economic and international performance goals.

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2012Green supply chain management practices: impact on performance 1996The Export Development Process: An Integrative Review of Empirical Models 2003HOME COUNTRY ENVIRONMENTS, CORPORATE DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES, AND FIRM PERFORMANCE.2010Shadows and lights of GSCM (Green Supply Chain Management): determinants and effects of these practices based on a multi-national study 2017Managing Carbon Aspirations: The Influence of Corporate Climate Change Targets on Environmental Performance 2014Carbon emission reduction: the impact on the financial and operational performance of international companies 2019Sustainable innovation practices and their relationship with the performance of industrial companies 2018Green supply chain management and export performance

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