Longitudinal Profiles of Executive Functioning from Infancy to Five Years of Age – A FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study

Anniina Karonen · Pauliina Juntunen · Akie Yada · Fiia Takio · Elisabeth Nordenswan · Eeva Eskola +9 more

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Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology Child and Animal Learning Development Cognitive Abilities and Testing

Abstract

Methodological challenges diminish the number of longitudinal studies on executive functions (EFs) starting in infancy. The current study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to examine EF task performance across three age points: 8 months, 2.5 years, and 5 years. Participants (N = 830) were children (55.5 % boys; over 95 % White) from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Three profiles were identified: constant below average EF profile (14.2%), and two average EF profiles differentiated by Spin the Pots performance (working memory) at five years (above average 29.8%, below average 56%). We found expected associations between the profiles and child official sex at birth and general cognitive performance, which further supports the validity of the profiles.

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