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Objectives: Building on prior findings that individuals who perceive themselves as younger than their chronological age report better subjective health, the present study aimed to investigate the relative contributions of cognitive and physical factors to subjective age perception using multiple regression analysis. Methods: In Study 1, a total of 639 community-dwelling adults completed questionnaires assessing subjective health and age perception. Subjective age perception was quantified using the PDS (Proportional Discrepancy Score). In Study 2, multiple regression analysis was conducted with data from 551 participants to examine the relative influence of cognitive and physical variables on PDS. Results: Study 1 demonstrated that individuals who felt younger than their chronological age reported significantly higher subjective health compared to those who felt older. In Study 2, among the variables examined, the Stroop effect size (a cognitive measure) and back muscle strength (a physical measure) were significant predictors of PDS. Conclusions and Clinical Implications: Study 1 verified the association between feeling younger and higher subjective health. Study 2 indicated that declines in higher-order cognitive functions are closely related to subjective age perception, supporting the developmental perspective that such functions, which mature later in life, tend to decline earlier with aging. From a positive psychological standpoint, community health professionals are encouraged to promote interventions that help preserve higher-order cognitive abilities as a means to foster a younger subjective age.
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