Analysis of urban vitality and its driving factors in Zhengzhou’s main urban area based on multi-source data and XGBoost

Abstract

Abstract ：In the global urbanization context, urban vitality is key to measuring sustainable development, enhancing residents' quality of life, and boosting cities' appeal. Past studies often focus on single - dimension or macro - scale urban vitality analyses. This study combines multi - source data and the XGBoost - SHAP model to explore Zhengzhou's urban vitality and its driving factors at the community level. Results show: (1) Zhengzhou's urban vitality has a "three - main - four - sub" spatial structure, with economic vitality in the city center, social vitality near university towns and transport hubs, cultural vitality coinciding with social vitality, and ecological vitality dominant in outer areas. (2) Multiple factors significantly impact Zhengzhou's urban vitality, especially electricity consumption grids, along with population density, PM2.5, and recreational facilities distribution. (3) There are close synergies and threshold effects among factors, like the significant interaction between electricity consumption grids and PM2.5. When the electricity consumption grid value exceeds 0.84, economic activities' positive impact offsets the negative effect of PM2.5 concentration on urban vitality. Studying Zhengzhou's urban vitality distribution and driving mechanisms offers empirical insights for global cities tackling the "growth - sustainability - equity" trilemma.

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