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Clinical Efficacy, Therapeutic Mechanisms, and Implementation Features of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Based Chatbots for Depression and Anxiety: Narrative Review
11 references·2 citing·43 second hopsampled
Clinical Efficacy, Therapeutic Mechanisms, and Implementation Features of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Based Chatbots for Depression and Anxiety: Narrative Review (2025)Clinical Efficacy, Therapeutic Mechanisms…Therapeutic Chatbots as Cognitive-Affective Artifacts (2024)Therapeutic Chatbots as Cogni…Effectiveness of a Mental Health Chatbot for People With Chronic Diseases: Randomized Controlled Trial (2024)Effectiveness of a Mental Hea…Mental Health Chatbot for Young Adults With Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Single-Blind, Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial (2022)Mental Health Chatbot for You…Acceptability and Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Therapy for Anxiety and Depression (Youper): Longitudinal Observational Study (2021)Acceptability and Effectivene…A Therapeutic Relational Agent for Reducing Problematic Substance Use (Woebot): Development and Usability Study (2021)A Therapeutic Relational Agen…Conversational Agents in the Treatment of Mental Health Problems: Mixed-Method Systematic Review (2019)Conversational Agents in the …Using Psychological Artificial Intelligence (Tess) to Relieve Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: Randomized Controlled Trial (2018)Using Psychological Artificia…An Empathy-Driven, Conversational Artificial Intelligence Agent (Wysa) for Digital Mental Well-Being: Real-World Data Evaluation Mixed-Methods Study (2018)An Empathy-Driven, Conversati…Delivering Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Young Adults With Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety Using a Fully Automated Conversational Agent (Woebot): A Randomized Controlled Trial (2017)Delivering Cognitive Behavior…A fully automated conversational agent for promoting mental well-being: A pilot RCT using mixed methods (2017)A fully automated conversatio…Measures of depression and depressive symptoms: Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) (2011)Measures of depression and de…The role of AI companions in supporting adaptive emotion regulation among university students with social anxiety (2026)The role of AI companions in …Commercial AI-Based Mental Health Chatbots as Low-Intensity Adjuncts to Psychotherapy: Effectiveness, Adherence, and Safety – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2026)Commercial AI-Based Mental He…The CES-D Scale (1977)The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (1983)The PHQ-9 (2001)Early Detection of Depression: Social Network Analysis and Random Forest Techniques (2019)Determination of stress, depression and burnout levels of front‐line nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020)Depressive symptoms and depression in individuals with internet gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2021)Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. 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(1992)G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences (2007)The Potential of Chatbots for Emotional Support and Promoting Mental Well-Being in Different Cultures: Mixed Methods Study (2023)The therapeutic effectiveness of artificial intelligence-based chatbots in alleviation of depressive and anxiety symptoms in short-course treatments: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2024)Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis (2005)Conversational agents in physical and psychological symptom management: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (2024)Efficacy, User Engagement, and Acceptability of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Oriented Psychological Chatbots for Adults With Depressive and/or Anxiety Symptoms: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2026)Systematic review and meta analysis of chatbots in the management of depressive and anxiety symptoms (2026)
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References

  • 2017Delivering Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Young Adults With Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety Using a Fully Automated Conversational Agent (Woebot): A Randomized Controlled Trial2,713 cited
  • 2018An Empathy-Driven, Conversational Artificial Intelligence Agent (Wysa) for Digital Mental Well-Being: Real-World Data Evaluation Mixed-Methods Study1,061 cited
  • 2011Measures of depression and depressive symptoms: Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9)971 cited
  • 2018Using Psychological Artificial Intelligence (Tess) to Relieve Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: Randomized Controlled Trial712 cited
  • 2017A fully automated conversational agent for promoting mental well-being: A pilot RCT using mixed methods367 cited
  • 2019Conversational Agents in the Treatment of Mental Health Problems: Mixed-Method Systematic Review273 cited
  • 2021A Therapeutic Relational Agent for Reducing Problematic Substance Use (Woebot): Development and Usability Study256 cited
  • 2022Mental Health Chatbot for Young Adults With Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Single-Blind, Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial178 cited
  • 2021Acceptability and Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Therapy for Anxiety and Depression (Youper): Longitudinal Observational Study143 cited
  • 2024Effectiveness of a Mental Health Chatbot for People With Chronic Diseases: Randomized Controlled Trial49 cited
  • 2024Therapeutic Chatbots as Cognitive-Affective Artifacts33 cited

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Cited by

  • 2026The role of AI companions in supporting adaptive emotion regulation among university students with social anxiety4 cited
  • 2026Commercial AI-Based Mental Health Chatbots as Low-Intensity Adjuncts to Psychotherapy: Effectiveness, Adherence, and Safety – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis3 cited