Taxonomy of the Sterkfontein fossil Cercopithecinae: The Papionini of Members 2 and 4 (Gauteng, South Africa)

Jason L. Heaton

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Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology Evolution and Paleontology Studies Primate Behavior and Ecology

Abstract

Jason L. Heaton TAXONOMY OF THE STERKFONTEIN FOSSIL CERCOPITHECINAE: THE PAPIONINI OF MEMBERS 2 AND 4 (GAUTENG, SOUTH AFRICA) At Taung, the discovery of fossil baboons drew the attention of Raymond Dart, in effect leading to the first discovery of Australopithecus remains. Since then, fossil cercopithecoids have served as useful taxa indicating the presence of hominid fossils in South African cave sites and providing valuable evolutionary data from the African PlioPleistocene. The aim of this study was to conduct a complete taxonomic reanalysis of the fossil cercopithecoids from Sterkfontein, focusing upon the craniodental remains of the Papionini from Members 2 (~3.3 Ma) and 4 (~2.6 Ma). This analysis included all specimens attributed to Parapapio and Papio, genera closely related to modern mangabeys and baboons, respectively. Morphological data, mainly craniodental, were analyzed and classified to genusspecies, if possible. Assessments of interand intra-specific variation among the primates were completed in order to determine the relative frequency of each species. Upon re-evaluation of the papionin taxonomy, the data were used to re-evaluate South Africa cercopithecoid biochronology via paleontological statistical techniques, such as Unitary Associations and Correspondence Analyses.

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References

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