Higher Education and Economic Development in Africa

Abstract

Throughout the post-independence period, every African country has struggled with the problematic role of higher education in development. Until the mid-1990s the role of higher education in development programmes and policies in Africa was to some extent an anomaly, with the majority of education development projects focusing on the primary school level. International donors and partners regarded universities, for the most part, as institutional enclaves without deep penetration into the development needs of African communities. As such, higher education was seen as a non-focal sector or even as a ‘luxury ancillary’. The latter view was for many years propagated, for example, by the World Bank (Brock-Utne, 2002; Hayward, 2004; Mamdami, 2008; Maassen et al., 2007; Psacharopoulos, 1986; Sawyerr, 2004) These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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