Monsoon wind and maritime trade: a case study of historical evidence from Orissa, India

Abstract

east direction. It appears that a reas of the earth which experience large-scale movement of air from colder to warmer hemisphere are the principal monsoon lands of the world. Monsoon winds are pronounced in the summer season during June–August in the northern hemisphere and during January and February in the southern hemisphere. The wind which blows from the southern hemisphere during June penetrates into the northern hemisphere towards India and in wider stretches to Southeast Asian countries and to a lesser extent towards Africa. In January, the northeast trade winds sweep across the southern coast of the Bay of Bengal and generate precipitation over southern India. This is known as the wi nter monsoon or northeast monsoon. It is difficult to determine when the southwest monsoon or summer monsoon ends and when northeast monsoon begins over south of the Indian peninsula 4 .

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