Access to main roads or low cost land? Residential land developers’ behaviour in Indonesia

Abstract

HARYO WINARSOAccess to main roads or low cost land? Residential land developers' behaviour in IndonesiaThe rapid growth of the urban population in the Third World has obvious implications not only for the provision of basic infrastructure but also for land development.It has been reported that in 1990, around 42 per cent of the Third World's total urban population was living in informal settlements, many of them located on urban fringes (World Resource Institute, quoted by Browder, Bohland, and Scarpaci 1995).But many urban residents also live in settlements on urban fringes created by land developers.This is particularly visible in cities of countries that have enjoyed massive economie growth, such as Bangkok (Foo 1992a(Foo , 1992b;;Dowall 1991).In Jabotabek, 1 the private sector has urbanized 16,600 hectares of rural land far away from the built-up area of Jakarta, selling around 25,000 housing units annually.This was achieved by private developers in the Jabotabek area, an emerging mega-urban region in Indonesia, between the 1970s and the 1990s (Winarso 1999;Winarso and Kombaitan 1995).In the Jabotabek area, land developments, particularly those for residential use, have penetrated far into rural areas, creating urban sprawl (Henderson, Kuncoro, and Nasution 1996;Firman and Dharmapatni 1994;Firman 1994;Noe 1991;Winarso and Kombaitan 1995).In some cases the development even takes place in rural areas where basic infrastrucrure such as roads, drainage, and electricity networks are not yet available.It seems that developers' selection of land for development has not always been associated with the availability of basic infrastrucrure, or with good access to an urban centre. 1Jabotabek is an acronym of Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, and Bekasi.This acronym was used for the first time in a report prepared by a Dutch team for the Directorate General of Human Settlement, Ministry of Public Works of Indonesia in 1973.The report itself was titled: Jabotabek: A planning approach of the absorption capadty for new settlements within the Jakarta Metropolitan Region.The acronym Jabotabek presented in a nutshell the basic idea of the planning approach, which incorporates four centres in the planning concept for Jakarta Metropolitan Region (Giebels 1986).

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