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Departure time choices of commuters with early or late arrival penalty and the evolution of an equilibrium queue in a multilane highway with high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) lanes and a bottleneck are examined using deterministic equilibrium mode choice models with elastic demand. Optimal uniform and time-varying tolls are sought to achieve optimal mode split and elimination of the queue behind a bottleneck. Road tolling schemes in either absence or presence of HOV lanes and equal constraint are derived for either first-best or second-best social optimum. The resultant changes in departure time, person-delay, total social cost and total benefit are compared by numerical examples. Findings are as follows: In the absence of HOV lanes, an anonymous toll for all vehicles should be charged for obtaining a first-best social optimum. In the presence of HOV lanes, the pricing for a first-best social optimum requires differentiating the toll across segregated lanes. If the equal constraint is imposed, a weighted average of the marginal external congestion costs of the carpooling and non-carpooling commuters should be set for a second-best social optimum. A time-varying tolling scheme is also determined to eliminate the queue behind a bottleneck, and the resulting equilibrium modal split is ascertained. These observations have strong practical implications for the combined application of HOV lanes and congestion pricing.
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