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The effects of various transportation demand management (TDM) strategies on single-occupancy-vehicle (SOV) mode split are explored. Fourteen innovative and effective TDM programs that have been implemented by medium-sized employers (100 to 450 employees) in several areas of the western United States are described. Employers are found to practice a wide range of TDM strategies, including high-occupancy-vehicle incentives, such as transit pass subsidies, and SOV disincentives, such as parking charges. Parking charges are found to be the most effective TDM strategy in urban areas where transit service is good and where parking is often expensive and scarce. On the other hand, in suburban areas, where transit access is often poor and where parking is usually plentiful and free of charge, generous alternate mode travel allowances are found to be necessary ingredients in successful TDM programs.
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