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In discourse of theological thought, the Matturidite and the Asy"arite popularly known as Ahl al-Sunnah wal al-Jama"ah, are two schools of Islamic theology that tried to take the middle path between the conservative theological thought and the rational theological thought.However, in its method of theology, the Matturidite put a greater proportion in the use of reason compared to what the Asy"arite had done.As a result, in some of its theological thoughts, the later tended to be close to the Mu"tazilite rational theology.Social setting of the rise of this school had undoubtedly given a contribution to form its methodological style.Kata Kunci : Maturidiyah, Asy"ariah, Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama"ah, naql, ra"yu PENDAHULUAN Perbincangan tentang persoalan yang menyangkut prinsipprinsip dasar ajaran Islam, yang mencapai puncaknya pada abad ke-2 dan ke-3 Hijriah (abad ke-8 dan ke-9 M.), telah menggiring para ulama kepada penggunaan argumen-argumen rasional dalam membahas tentang Tuhan dan hubungan-Nya dengan manusia dan alam semesta.Hal ini, menurut Ayyub Ali (dalam.Syarif, 1995: 259), telah mengakibatkan lahirnya sebuah ilmu pengetahuan baru dalam lapangan pemikiran muslim, yang dikenal dengan "Ilm al-Kalam.Mu"tazilah dipandang sebagai kelompok yang mula-mula menuntut penggunaan nalar (ra"yu) dalam teologi Islam.Pada puncak perkembangannya, Mu"tazilah melancarkan kritik-kritiknya terhadap
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