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The level of utilitarian bicycling is low in the United States compared to some European countries with similar living standards and auto ownership. Differences in the physical and social environments in these countries may explain this phenomenon. Previous research has established a potential association between environmental factors and transportation-oriented bicycling. However, empirical knowledge about the influence of physical-environment and social-environment factors on bicycle rides for transportation and recreation is limited. This study uses data from an online survey conducted in 2006 in six small cities in the western United States. For the subsample of respondents who bicycled within the last year, a binary logit model reveals variables related to the proportion of bicycling for transportation compared with that for recreation. Factors associated with miles of bicycling for transportation and recreational purposes are identified using linear regressions. The results show residential preference for bicycling has positive influences on both the proportion and miles of transportation bicycling. Physical-environment factors influence transportation bicycling as well as recreational bicycling. Longer distances to destinations are negatively associated with the proportion and miles of bicycle rides for transportation but contribute to miles of recreational bicycling. Transit access correlates positively with the proportion of bicycling for transportation. Perceived bicycling safety is associated with bicycling miles for both purposes. Social-environment factors influence proportions and miles of bicycling for both purposes, after accounting for individual factors and physical-environment factors.
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