Nascent Entrepreneurs: Gender, Culture, and Perceptions

Abstract

We assess gender differences in 1526 nascent entrepreneurs (college students) across four countries to test a model of entrepreneurial intentions incorporating gender, culture, and perceptions about entrepreneurship motives and barriers. In contrast to prior research on surviving entrepreneurs, we study people who may be at the very beginning of entrepreneurial careers. \nThe model proves significant—we find support for hypotheses regarding the impact of gender, culture, and perceptions of motives and barriers. There are substantial differences between men and women. Culture affects students’ intentions, women have \nlower levels of entrepreneurial intentions, motives generally have a positive influence on intentions, barriers have a negative influence, men appear more influenced by motives, and women appear more influenced by barriers. \nThe results in China provide interesting exceptions in the analyses and suggest directions for future research specific to that country. As a whole, the study results \nsuggest directions for future research on entrepreneurial intentions. We also discuss implications of the study for entrepreneurship education.

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