Communes: Historical and Contemporary

Abstract

Commune is an amorphous term for which a number of social indicators provide definition . Commune survival depends on a shared value system , stereotyping by the larger society , formation of a segregated in-group, interaction between in-group and core society , beneficial functions of conflict , and organization of the in-group including succession of leadership and transmission of the culture to children and converts . Formal accommodation with the core society is a necessity . Communes are distinguished from other small societies by being voluntary , separatist , and closed . Older communes become complete subsocieties ; new fluctuating clusters are merely groups . In the United States three motivations have appeared at three different periods of time: religion , social reform , and escapism . Future survival calls for adaptability , shared values , opposition , boundary maintenance , economic adaptability , and organized governance. It is concluded that survival rests on a combination of persistence and adaptability .

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