Institutional Change, Cultural Transformation, and Economic Regeneration: Myths and Realities from Europe’s Old Industrial Areas

Abstract

Abstract The last three decades or so, but especially the last ten to fifteen years, have been a period of continuing decline and deindustrialization in most of those areas that were the original birthplaces of industrial capitalism in western Europe. For many years prior to this, these were locations of not only national but also global significance as centres of capitalist production, associated with a range of industries such as coalmining, chemicals, and metal production and transformation. These old industrial areas were characterized by the employment of waged labour, in big plants owned by big mining and manufacturing companies; associated with this, there was typically a strong gender division of labour between male waged work outside the home and female unwaged domestic labour within it.

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