Methods and Strategies for Special Education

Abstract

1. Theoretical Models and Methods. Basic Concepts. Theoretical Methods & Special Education Methods. Medical Model. Developmental Model. Behaviourist Model. Cognitive Model. Humanistic Model. Ecological Model. Methods Used in Special Education. Effectiveness of Methods. Evaluating Methods Used in Special Education. 2. Integration. Normalization, Mainstreaming & the Least Restrictive Environment. Integration. Desirable Features of Integration Programs. Research on Integration. Effective Programming for Children with Special Needs in Integrated Settings. Child Factors. Peer Factors. Teacher Factors. Factors in Administration. Parent & Community Attitudes. 3. Behaviour Analysis. Theory and Related Concepts. Behaviour Analysis Procedures. Task Analysis. Precision Teaching. Data-based Instruction. Evaluation. Effectiveness. Maintenance & Generalization. 4. Contingency Management. Basic Concepts Defined. Contingency Management: Principles Applied to School Settings. Special Procedures Used in Contingency Management Programs. Token Economics. Contingency Contracting. Shaping. Extinction. Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviours. Time-out. Response Cost. Using Contingency Management in Integrated Settings. Evaluation of Contingency Management Programs. 5. Stimulus control. Key Terms Defined. Stimulus Control. Discriminative & Nondiscriminative Stimuli. Conditioning. Stimulus Control in Educational Contexts. Guidelines for Effective Stimulus Control. The Kozloff Program. The Anderson & Faust Strategy. The Fernald Program. An Evaluation of Stimulus Control. 6. Mastery Learning & Direct Instruction. Mastery Learning. Mastery Learning Procedures. Mastery Learning: An Evaluation. Direct Instruction. Basic Concepts Defined. Procedures. Direct Instruction: An Evaluation. 7. Modeling & Social Skills Training. Theory & Related Concepts. Observational Learning. Hierarchy of Learning to Learn Through Observation. Modeling Procedures. Antecedent Modeling. Error-dependent Modeling. Partial Modeling. Application of Modeling Techniques in Social Skills Training. Structured Learning Theory. Modeling. Role-playing. Interpersonal Cognitive Problem Solving. Evaluation. 8. Process Training. Concepts Defined. Sensory Processes. Perception & Perceptual-Motor Processes. Minimal Brain Dysfunction & Related Handicaps. Sensory and Perceptual-motor Training Programs. Modality. Ayres Program. Rosner's Perceptual Skills Program. The Doman-Delacato Regime. Laszlo & Bairstows Developmental Assessment & Theory. The Kirk & Kirk Language Training Program. Evaluation of Process Training. 9. Cognitive and Metacognitive Training. Theoretical Rationale. Cognitive & Metacognitive Deficits in Students with Special Needs. Techniques of Cognitive and Metacognitive Instruction. Research in Cognitive and Metacognitive Instruction. 10. Peer Tutoring. Basic Concepts. Advantages of Tutoring. How to Establish a Successful Tutoring Program. Developing a Tutoring Program in an Integrated Setting. Evaluation of Tutoring Programs. 11. Cooperative Learning. Basic Concepts. Advantages of Cooperative Learning. Slavin's Matrix of Rewards & Activity Categories. Cooperative Learning Methods. Student Teams-achievement Divisions. Teams-Games-Tournaments. Jigsaw 1 & Jigsaw 2. Learning Together. Establishing Cooperative Learning Programs. Evaluation. 12. Application of Computers in Special Education. The Role of Computer Technology in Special Education. Computers as Learning Aids. Computers as Communication Aids. Computers as Prosthetic Devices. Computers as Motivational Aids. Computers as Management Aids. Basic Computer Components. Adaptive I/O Devices for Students with Special Needs. Education Software: Applications for Students with Special Needs. Evaluation of Computer Applications in Special Education.

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