Multilingualism and nation building

Abstract

Part 1 Language diversity in Africa - myth or reality: defining linguistic diversity a sociolinguistic assessment of linguistic diversity multilingualism and communication history and environment - two factors conditioning language use. Part 2 The spread of the Manding language and the emergence of vertical multilingualism: Manding origins and environment long distance trade, state formation and language spread language spread in the conquered territories socio-cultural identity and language. Part 3 Linguistic fragmentation in the West African coastal belt: environmental impact on social and linguistic development social organization and language use in autonomous village societies fragmentation and language shift among small stratified societies. Part 4 Arrested development and regression: the sociolinguistic consequences of the slave trade the establishment of colonial rule - divide and conquer the growth of multilingual urban centres the sociolinguistic inheritance of the independent West African states. Part 5 Multilingualism and social transition in contemporary West Africa: a sociolinguistic profile of West African countries language policy - before and after independence the growing importance of lingua francas oral communication, education and literacy in the multilingual context. Part 6 The role of language in internal conflicts: language policy and ethnic conflict in Mauritania language issues and the Nigerian civil war. Part 7 Policy options - assimilationist or pluralist: language as symbol of social identity and means of social control the relationship between language and nation successful assimilation - the case of Arabic the Swiss model of linguistic pluralism pluralist language policy in the Soviet Union. Part 8 Language and nation building in Africa: pre-independence liberation movements independence or transfer of power? official language - language of national unity? pluralism and the national language issue conclusion - the goals of language planning.

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