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THE USE OF FRONTAGE ROADS AS AN ELEMENT OF URBAN FREEWAY DESIGN OFFERS IMPORTANT ADVANTAGES. STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT THE PRESENCE OF A FRONTAGE ROAD ADJACENT TO A FREEWAY TENDS TO EQUALIZE THE EFFECT OF THE FREEWAY ON ADJACENT PROPERTY, TO MINIMIZE DIFFICULTIES IN RIGHT-OF-WAY ACQUISITION, AND TO DISTRIBUTE THE BENEFITS OF THE FREEWAY MORE EVENLY. A DUAL APPRAISAL STUDY SHOWED THAT THE CONSTRUCTION OF A FRONTAGE ROAD SYSTEM WILL USUALLY REDUCE RIGHT-OF-WAY COSTS SUFFICIENTLY TO MORE THAN OFFSET ITS COST AND THUS RESULT IN AN IMMEDIATE SAVING IN THE OVERALL COST OF THE FREEWAY DEVELOPMENT. THE GREATER THE POSSIBILITY OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE AREA, THE GREATER THE LIKELIHOOD THAT FRONTAGE ROADS WILL BE ECONOMICAL. FRONTAGE ROADS ALSO RESULT IN GREATER PROPERTY VALUE ENHANCEMENT ARE BENEFICIAL TO SYSTEM OPERATION IN MANY WAYS. A CONTINUOUS FRONTAGE ROAD PROVIDES A MEANS OF HANDLING TRAFFIC FLOW DURING STAGE DEVELOPMENT AND FREEWAY CONSTRUCTION. DURING THE DESIGN LIFE OF A FREEWAY A CONTINUOUS FRONTAGE ROAD SYSTEM PROVIDES OPERATIONAL FLEXIBILITY TO HANDLE SPECIAL TRAFFIC SITUATIONS SUCH AS MAINTENANCE, ACCIDENTS AND THE MOVEMENT OF OVERSIZE LOADS, PROVIDES MAXIMUM LAND SERVICE TO PROPERTIES ABUTTING THE FREEWAY, AND REDUCES INTERCHANGE SPACING PROBLEMS. WHEN A FREEWAY REACHES A SATURATED FLOW CONDITION A FRONTAGE ROAD SYSTEM PROVIDES ADDITIONAL CAPACITY, AND THE FLEXIBILITY REQUIRED FOR A FREEWAY SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL SYSTEM EMPLOYING RAMP CLOSURE. THE CONTINUITY OF THE SURFACE STREET SYSTEM IS MAINTAINED BY A FRONTAGE ROAD SYSTEM WHICH ELIMINATES THE BARRIER EFFECT OF A FREEWAY WITHOUT FRONTAGE ROADS. THE DESIGN AND SIGNALIZATION OF FREEWAY-MAJOR AT GRADE ARTERIAL INTERCHANGES USING VARIATIONS OF THE DIAMOND INTERCHANGE IS DISCUSSED. NO SPECIAL DESIGN OR CAPACITY PROBLEMS WERE FOUND. A CAPACITY ANALYSIS FOR A CONVENTIONAL TWO LEVEL, A SPLIT TWO-LEVEL AND A THREE-LEVEL DIAMOND INTERCHANGE IN INCLUDED.
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