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Urban congestion pricing (Road Pricing) is now a topic of considerable interest. While it is clear, as economists have known since the 1840s, that appropriate pricing of roads is needed to optimise congestion there has been considerable opposition to treating roads like any other commodity we produce and consume. The recent experiences of Singapore, Rome, London, Stockholm, and other cities have belatedly demonstrated the benefits that using the price mechanism to allocate and finance scarce resources can confer on citizens. There is an extensive literature looking at the analytics of Road Pricing and the impacts of recently introduced schemes. Less has been said about the relative financial costs of actually initiating and operating different road pricing technologies. Transactions costs are part of any form of these charging systems and are mostly related to the hardware and software required but also to their policing. Here we compare, using published and survey data, schemes in eight cities and provide estimates for their implementation cost including installation, operation, and enforcement.
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