EVALUATING NEIGHBORHOOD ACCESSIBILITY: ISSUES AND METHODS USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Susan Handy · Kelly J. Clifton

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Transportation Planning and Optimization Urban Design and Spatial Analysis

Abstract

Several different trends in the 1990s have led to increased efforts to improve the alternatives to driving. In response, planning agencies have been taking a new look at both transportation and land use policies in an effort to enhance transportation choices. Their efforts have been hampered by a lack of practical planning tools. What's needed are practical measures of accessibility that can be used to evaluate the proximity to and adequacy of activities and the availability of alternative modes in neighborhoods throughout the city. The goals of the project described in this report were to identify the factors that contribute to accessibility at the neighborhood level and to explore the variety of ways that planners can evaluate neighborhood accessibility using existing data sources and the capabilities of geographic information systems (GIS). Rather than developing a single measure of accessibility, the authors set out to design and build a neighborhood accessibility database that would allow planners to assess a wide range of accessibility factors and identify specific kinds of deficiencies in either land use or transportation systems. Despite limitations in both data availability and GIS capabilities, several useful and insightful measures of neighborhood accessibility in terms of proximity to retail and services and the simple and practical database can be calculated. These measures, calculated for seven neighborhoods in Austin, Texas, enabled a comparison of accessibility between different kinds of neighborhoods that highlighted potential deficiencies and inequities. The development of a database to monitor and assess neighborhood accessibility is the first step towards developing policies that will enhance accessibility and guarantee an adequate range of choice.

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References

1997Measuring Accessibility: An Exploration of Issues and Alternatives 1973Physical accessibility as a social indicator 1998Does neighborhood design influence travel?: A behavioral analysis of travel diary and GIS data 2001Local shopping as a strategy for reducing automobile travel 1996Understanding the Link Between Urban Form and Nonwork Travel Behavior 1998Visualizing Fairness: Equity Maps for Planners 2000Customer Satisfaction Among Transit Riders: How Customers Rank the Relative Importance of Various Service Attributes 1993DETERMINATION OF SERVICE LEVELS FOR PEDESTRIANS, WITH EUROPEAN EXAMPLES

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2014The relationship between built environment and walking for different trip purposes in porto alegre, brazil 2024How does pedestrian accessibility vary for different people? Development of a Perceived user-specific Accessibility measure for Walking (PAW)2013Up in the Air: Urban Design for Light Rail Transit Stations in Highway Medians 2005WALKABILITY AROUND NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS: AN ASSESSMENT OF FOUR PARKS IN SPRINGFIELD, OREGON 2001LIMITS ON ACCESS IN LOW-INCOME NEIGHBORHOODS AND THE TRAVEL PATTERNS OF LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS

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