Reconceptualizing self-regulation in health behaviors: A dynamic perspective on the PAAM model

Abstract

Health behavior change and maintenance are essential for preventing chronic diseases and promoting well-being. However, a persistent intention-behavior gap highlights the complexity of sustaining health-promoting behaviors over time. The Physical Activity Adoption and Maintenance (PAAM) model 1.0, based on in dual-process theories, provides a framework for understanding the interaction between explicit (reflective) and implicit (automatic) processes in physical activity (PA) regulation. Recent evidence suggests that PA behaviors and their determinants are more dynamic than previously conceptualized, necessitating an updated framework. This paper introduces the PAAM model 2.0, which expands upon its predecessor by incorporating intraindividual variability in key constructs such as intention and self-control. The revised model also underscores the role of anticipated affect in intention formation and behavior regulation. While originally designed for PA, the PAAM model 2.0 offers a generalized framework applicable to other repetitive health behaviors, including medication adherence, dietary regulation, and sleep routines. The model’s implications for research and practice are discussed, emphasizing the need for dynamic assessments and tailored interventions. By integrating state-like fluctuations and integrated regulatory processes, the PAAM model 2.0 advances our understanding of long-term health behavior change and provides a foundation for effective, evidence-based interventions.

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