Articlehybrid2025

The 15-minute city revisited: A GIS approach to measuring, visualizing, and analyzing accessibility by proximity and by public transport supply

20 citations0/0 files storedTravel Behaviour and Society

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Transportation Planning and Optimization Urban Design and Spatial Analysis

Abstract

• Measuring, visualizing, and analyzing x-minute accessibility with GIS. • Applicable to any city worldwide where open-source datasets are available. • Addresses pitfalls of the 15-minute city as theory and spatial analysis approach. • Data, methods, and tools in a systematic and theoretically informed framework. • Ways to identify spatial patterns and model spatially varying relationships. The 15-minute city can offer a meaningful framework for measuring and analyzing accessibility to basic urban functions, if proper theoretical and methodological choices are made. This paper develops a comprehensive methodology and presents the steps for measuring, visualizing, and analyzing x-minute accessibility by proximity (walking accessibility) and accessibility by public transport supply (accessibility potential created by nearby public transport services) using geographic information systems (GIS). Five sequential steps are presented: project definition, data preparation, measuring accessibility, visualizing accessibility and insufficient accessibility, and analyzing accessibility using spatial statistical analysis and modeling. The proposed approach is applied to Copenhagen. Results indicate that, even in a city where sustainable mobility is prominent, there are spatial clusters of lack of accessibility and insufficient accessibility, lying mainly in suburban locations. Proximity-based accessibility and accessibility by public transport supply are found to highly overlap across space. Moreover, density was found to largely predict both 15-minute walking accessibility to local destinations and accessibility to other areas via public transport. This approach can be used as a guide by those aiming to understand the patterns and drivers of accessibility across space, reveal socio-spatial inequalities, and identify locations for potential interventions that improve walking accessibility and reduce car dependence.

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References

2010Travel and the Built Environment 1959How Accessibility Shapes Land Use 2003Accessibility evaluation of land-use and transport strategies: review and research directions 2021Introducing the “15-Minute City”: Sustainability, Resilience and Place Identity in Future Post-Pandemic Cities 1997Measuring Accessibility: An Exploration of Issues and Alternatives 1998Space‐Time and Integral Measures of Individual Accessibility: A Comparative Analysis Using a Point‐based Framework 2016Distributive justice and equity in transportation 2021Urban planning and quality of life: A review of pathways linking the built environment to subjective well-being

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