The modern paradigm of machine tool development in Russia as the basis of technological sovereignty

Abstract

The level of development of machine tool industry is highly dependent on the external factors including changes in international politics, improvements in technology and innovation growth as well as the pace of economic development, and has a direct impact on the competitiveness of any country. The existing global level of development of the machine tool industry is characterized by convergence of technologies and significant digital trans- formation, which requires taking a fresh look at understanding the term “machine” gining it a status of “cyberphysical systems”, which acquires the qualities of hybrid equipment capable of performing a wide range of technological operations. During the research the authors identified the technological and institutional problems of the machine tool industry. The specificity of the domestic industry lies in the high degree of import dependence. One of the reasons is the low level of competitiveness of domestic products on the world market, which is due to the low level of technological equipment of the production process of machine tools. At the same time, there is a lack of effectiveness in the formation and practical application of long-term planning documents. Based on the identified problems, a set of economic and managerial measures related to the sustainable functioning of the machine tool industry in the Russian Federation is proposed. The purposes of the study are to theoretically justificate the term of the machine as a cyberphysical system, which involves a complex of technological and economic components of production activity, and to reveal the key problems of the machine tool industry in Russia and determine the directions of its development. The authors of the article suggest a complex approach to define the concept of “a smart cyber-physically controlled machine tool” taking into account its both technological and economic aspects. It allowed to formulate an expanded definition of a new generation machine tool, which can be useful in the development of the relevant Russian standard and streamlining the use of the necessary terminology.

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