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Large language models for thematic analysis in healthcare research: A blinded mixed-methods comparison with human analysts
14 references·0 citing·45 second hop
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Resolving the paradoxes (1990)Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies (GRRAS) were proposed (2010)Weighted kappa: Nominal scale agreement provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. (1968)Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters. (1971)Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies (GRRAS) were proposed (2011)A comparison of Cohen’s Kappa and Gwet’s AC1 when calculating inter-rater reliability coefficients: a study conducted with personality disorder samples (2013)The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data (1977)Inter-Coder Agreement for Computational Linguistics (2008)Dealing with feeling: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of strategies derived from the process model of emotion regulation. 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Qualitative description revisited (2009)ChatGPT: A comprehensive review on background, applications, key challenges, bias, ethics, limitations and future scope (2023)Human Analysis vs. Artificial Intelligence: Analyzing of Qualitative Medical Students’ Narratives (2025)Large Language Models in Qualitative Research: Uses, Tensions, and Intentions (2025)When investigator meets large language models: a qualitative analysis of cancer patient decision-making journeys (2025)Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis (2019)Algorithmic bias: review, synthesis, and future research directions (2021)Generative AI for thematic analysis in a maternal health study: coding semistructured interviews using large language models (2025)Large Language Model for Qualitative Research: A Systematic Mapping Study (2025)Leveraging large language models for thematic analysis: a case study in the charity sector (2025)Grounding in communication. (1991)The Content Analysis Guidebook (2017)Automating inductive thematic analyses of health content using large language models: a proof-of-concept study using social media data (2025)Leveraging ChatGPT for thematic analysis of medical best practice advisory data (2025)The use and methodological reporting of large language models in qualitative research: a scoping review (2026)Coding In-depth Semistructured Interviews (2013)Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience (2013)The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers (2022)Arti-‘fickle’ intelligence: using LLMs as a tool for inference in the political and social sciences (2025)Beyond Manual Media Coding: Evaluating Large Language Models and Agents for News Content Analysis (2025)Qualitative Research in an Era of Artificial Intelligence: A Pragmatic Approach to Data Analysis, Workflow, and Computation (2026)
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References

  • 2006Using thematic analysis in psychology193,725 cited
  • 1990High agreement but low Kappa: I. the problems of two paradoxes3,024 cited
  • 1993Bias, prevalence and kappa2,175 cited
  • 2006Computing inter‐rater reliability and its variance in the presence of high agreement2,139 cited
  • 2024An Examination of the Use of Large Language Models to Aid Analysis of Textual Data224 cited
  • 2024Comparing the Efficacy and Efficiency of Human and Generative AI: Qualitative Thematic Analyses99 cited
  • 2024Inductive thematic analysis of healthcare qualitative interviews using open-source large language models: How does it compare to traditional methods?85 cited
  • 2025Scaling hermeneutics: a guide to qualitative coding with LLMs for reflexive content analysis66 cited
  • 2025Large Language Models for Thematic Summarization in Qualitative Health Care Research: Comparative Analysis of Model and Human Performance59 cited
  • 2024Comparing GPT-4 and Human Researchers in Health Care Data Analysis: Qualitative Description Study53 cited
  • 2024Large Language Models Can Enable Inductive Thematic Analysis of a Social Media Corpus in a Single Prompt: Human Validation Study46 cited
  • 2024Framework-based qualitative analysis of free responses of Large Language Models: Algorithmic fidelity29 cited
  • 2024A Novel Approach for Mixed‐Methods Research Using Large Language Models: A Report Using Patients’ Perspectives on Barriers to Arthroplasty

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  • 2024Enhancing qualitative research in psychology with large language models: a methodological exploration and examples of simulations9 cited
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