Daily routine and morale among older adults: The mediating roles of resilience and self-esteem

Abstract

This study examined the impact of a regular daily routine (RDR) on morale among older adults and explored the mediating roles of key psychological resources: resilience and self-esteem. Data were collected via an online survey of 211 South Korean older adults aged 65–85. Daily routines were assessed using the Martin and Park Environmental Demands Questionnaire, morale with the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale, resilience with the Brief Resilience Scale, and self-esteem with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Mediation analyses were conducted using the Hayes’ PROCESS macro (Model 4). The results revealed that RDR was significantly and positively associated with morale, with resilience and self-esteem fully mediating this relationship. Specifically, older adults who maintained structured daily routines reported higher levels of resilience and self-esteem, which in turn fostered greater morale. These findings suggest that a consistent daily structure serves as an essential psychological resource for mental health in later life. The study underscores the importance of incorporating routine-structuring programs and psychological resource enhancement into educational interventions and community-based preventive strategies to promote successful aging.

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