ANTHROPOLOGICAL PARADIGM IN LEGAL PSYCHOLOGY: COGNITIVE ASPECT

Abstract

Background. Legal psychology, as a branch of scientific «knowledge», is represented by two most prevalent paradigms: anthropological and clinical, the formation and development of which took place within the influence of earlier psychological paradigmatic directions, such as behaviorism, cognitivism and clinicism. Therefore, the problem of the influence of cognitivism on the emergence, formation and development of the anthropological paradigm in legal psychology remains as a discussional research topic. Objective. To identify the role and aspects of the cognitive influence on the anthropological paradigm in legal psychology, which involves the structuring of elements of legal-psychological cognitivism, the definition of common cognitive-anthropological elements and methods of their interparadigmatic implementation. Methods. To achieve the objective of the research, systematic and structural-functional methods were applied in order to find the permanent elements of the cognitive trend in legal psychology, and to systematize its relationship with the anthropological paradigm. In addition, a bibliometric analysis of current scientific publications related to the development of anthropologism and cognitivism in legal psychology was used to form the theoretical basis of the research. Results. Using the conceptual-categorical apparatus of Thomas Samuel Kuhn, it’s stated that paradigmality transfers «knowledge» from the pre-scientific state to «normal science», that is, to an ordered system that functions within the constant structures – paradigms. The article makes it possible to trace the epistemological interdisciplinary transition from logical-mathematical to social-behavioral sciences in the context of legal and psychological issues, mainly due to the application of cognitivist ideas, that leaned to formalization, by anthropological paradigm. The integration of separate and fragmented scientific and psychological directions into paradigms, in particular into cognitive or anthropological ones, involves the consolidation of the most valid methods, techniques and methodologies. Thus, in the context of the interdisciplinary approach, the implementation of «knowledge» from a purely socio-behavioral context into a legal-behavioral one is characterized. Conclusions. The article uses a paradigmatic approach to the history of science, to determine the decisive role of cognitivists in the implementation of the «scientific revolution» in the psychological field, specifically in legal psychology and its social context. The article outlines an adaptation of the methodology, which was started back in the days of experimental psychology, and which was used by both cognitivists and clinicians and its implementation by anthropological paradigm. It has been proven that in the process of forming paradigms in legal psychology, the corresponding methodological adaptation took place on the basis of cognitivism. Key words: legal psychology, anthropological paradigm, clinical paradigm, cognitivism, cognitive approach.

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