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The article raises the important issue of the relationship between temperamental traits (negative affect, surgency, effortful control) and the ability to plan with mediated inhibitory control in 5–6-year-old children. The study included 101 children (44.6% girls). The following instruments were used: the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (Rothbart et al., 2001; in Polish adaptation by Lipska et al., 2022), the Children’s Card Sorting Test (Jabłoński et al., 2018), and the Tower of London (Culbertson & Zillmer, 2011). Although the results did not support the hypothesis of the role of inhibitory control as a mediator, they did reveal the key role of effortful control in shaping planning processes. The relationship between effortful control and planning may be direct, arising more from effortful control’s earlier developmental timing than inhibition processes. These results have practical significance and provide guidance for psychologists, teachers, educators, and parents.
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