AI-Assisted Thematic Analysis in a Quality Improvement Evaluation: Replicable Findings and Subtle Misrepresentations

Elena T. Broaddus-Shea, Steven Lockhart, Neva M. Howard, Sandra P. Spencer

2026-08-21articleAmerican Journal of Medical Quality1 citationsclosed

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Computational and Text Analysis Methods Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining Qualitative Research Methods and Applications

Abstract

Using artificial intelligence to identify themes in interview data from a quality improvement program evaluation produced 4 replicable themes grounded in the data. However, 2 consistently identified themes resulted from subtle misrepresentations and could have easily misled results without thorough data knowledge and output audit by the human research team.

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References

2023Artificial Intelligence Augmented Qualitative Analysis: The Way of the Future?

2024Prompts, Pearls, Imperfections: Comparing ChatGPT and a Human Researcher in Qualitative Data Analysis

2024Comparing the Efficacy and Efficiency of Human and Generative AI: Qualitative Thematic Analyses

2025Artificial Intelligence to Support Qualitative Data Analysis: Promises, Approaches, Pitfalls

2025Getting Started with Artificial Intelligence Assisted Qualitative Analysis: An Introductory Guide to Qualitative Research Approaches with Exploratory Examples from Reflexive Content Analysis