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This meta-analysis will quantitatively synthesize two separate associations among middle-aged and older adults (aged 40 and above): (1) the association between death anxiety and ageism or negative attitudes toward aging or older people, and (2) the association between aging anxiety (also termed fear of aging) and ageism or negative attitudes toward aging or older people. The association between death anxiety and aging anxiety themselves will not be examined. Ageism will include both other-directed attitudes (stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination toward older adults) and self-directed attitudes toward one's own aging. Drawing on terror management theory, which proposes that awareness of mortality drives avoidance of reminders of aging and death, we expect death anxiety and aging anxiety each to be positively associated with ageist and negative attitudes. We will search major databases (APA PsycInfo, Scopus, PubMed), screen studies against pre-specified eligibility criteria (including a sample mean age of 40 years or above), extract correlation coefficients and study characteristics, and pool effect sizes for each association separately using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity will be assessed and publication bias will be examined. The findings will clarify the strength of these associations in the second half of life and identify gaps in the literature to guide future research and interventions.
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