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Objective: This systematic review examined the evidence on the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI)-based interventions in improving emotion regulation and reducing rumination among students. Given the growing prevalence of emotional difficulties in academic settings, evaluating the role of AI-driven mental health tools is increasingly important. Methods and Materials: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA principles. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, were searched for relevant studies published between 2015 and 2024. Eligible studies examined AI-based psychological or digital mental health interventions targeting rumination, emotion regulation, or related mental health outcomes in student populations. After screening and eligibility assessment, 22 studies were included in the final synthesis. Owing to heterogeneity in study designs, interventions, and outcome measures, a narrative synthesis was performed. Findings: The included studies comprised randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, mixed-methods research, and observational designs. Most studies reported favorable effects of AI-based tools, including chatbots, mobile applications, and digital platforms, on emotion regulation, stress reduction, and rumination-related outcomes. Improvements were particularly noted in cognitive reappraisal, mindfulness, and self-regulation, along with reductions in repetitive negative thinking. However, the overall strength of evidence was limited by methodological heterogeneity, inconsistent statistical reporting, small sample sizes in some studies, and insufficient long-term follow-up. Conclusion: AI-based interventions appear promising as accessible and scalable tools to support students’ mental health, particularly by enhancing emotion regulation and reducing rumination. Nevertheless, current evidence remains preliminary, and more rigorous longitudinal and controlled studies are needed to establish their sustained effectiveness and clinical utility.
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