Art and Science in Sorolla’s Painting A Research inDr. Simarro’s Lab

Abstract

The development of painting has been linked to the existence of patrons. The church, the nobility, and the kings were interested in protecting art and culture as a means to enhance and spread their power. Ever since the Renaissance, artistic patronage joined traders and professionals, grouped in the guilds. This provided greater freedom to the compositions of artists, and everyday life, the triumph of science, and industry began to appear in artwork. In the late 19th century, painting depicts the apotheosis of scientific progress of that era, and scientists became protagonists. The content of Sorolla’s naturalism ranges from social themes to the exaltation of science. Sorolla painted two masterpieces: Portrait of Dr. Simarro at the microscope and A Research (in which are identified Madinaveitia, Gayarre, and Sandoval, and perhaps San Martin, among the colleagues and disciples). These paintings may be among the most outstanding world paintings of this genre.[RESUMEN]El desarrollo de la pintura ha estado ligado a la existencia de mecenas. La iglesia, la nobleza y los reyes mostraron interes por proteger el arte y la cultura como medio de realzar y difundir su poder. A partir del Renacimiento se incorporan al mecenazgo artistico los comerciantes y los profesionales agrupados en los gremios. Esto proporciona mayor libertad a las composiciones de los artistas y la vida cotidiana, el triunfo de las ciencias y la industria comienza a estar presente en las obras de arte. A finales del siglo XIX la pintura refleja la apoteosis del progreso cientifico que vive la sociedad y los cientificos se convierten en protagonistas. El naturalismo de Sorolla aborda numerosos contenidos que van desde el arte de contenido social a la exaltacion de la ciencia. Sorolla realizo dos obras magistrales. Retrato del Dr. Simarro ante el microscopio y Una Investigacion (en la que entre los colegas y discipulos se pueden identificar a Madinaveitia, Gayarre y Sandoval y quizas a San Martin). Estas pinturas pueden situarse entre las mas destacadas de la pintura mundial de este generO.

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