Barreras de género en el desarrollo profesional de la mujer universitaria

Abstract

espanolLa finalidad de la investigacion presentada es identificar aquellos factores que actuan de barreras de genero para las estudiantes universitarias en relacion a su proyecto profesional. Los objetivos son: (a) identificar la importancia que el alumnado universitario le concede al trabajo y la percepcion de roles de genero en el mundo laboral; (b) establecer las aspiraciones al liderazgo de las mujeres de la muestra y su relacion con el miedo a la evaluacion negativa y (c) analizar las actitudes ante las redes sociales y su valor en el desarrollo profesional. La investigacion se llevo a cabo con un grupo de 298 estudiantes de las Facultades de Pedagogia y de Formacion del Profesorado de la Universidad de Barcelona. La metodologia que se utilizo es la propia de un estudio descriptivo/comprensivo, de caracter exploratorio, combinando estrategias de recogida de informacion cualitativas y cuantitativas. El estudio cuantitativo se realizo mediante un cuestionario elaborado expresamente para la investigacion (QBP). Este primer analisis se complemento con un estudio cualitativo a traves de cuatro grupos de discusion en el que participaron un total de 53 estudiantes. Las conclusiones apuntan a que las estudiantes universitarias presentan elevadas metas profesionales, pero buscan compatibilizar el trabajo con otros roles vitales. En relacion a las aspiraciones de futuro, se posicionan a favor de un liderazgo de tipo experto frente a un liderazgo empresarial; quizas, por ello no estan inclinadas a crear redes sociales con fines exclusivamente profesionales y abogan por redes mas cooperativas. Por ultimo, el miedo a la evaluacion negativa podria ser, a la luz de los resultados, la barrera que mas condicionara el progreso profesional de la mujer universitaria. En cuanto a las tecnicas empleadas, el focus group ha aparecido como una tecnica extremadamente valiosa, al configurarse como un espacio de creacion de conocimiento colectivo y de estimulo reflexivo. EnglishThe purpose of the research is to identify the factors that act as gender barriers for university students as regards their professional project. The objectives are: (a) to identify the importance university students give to work and the perception of gender roles in the labour market; (b) to establish how the women in the sample aspire to leadership and their relationship with the fear of a negative assessment, and (c) to analyze attitudes to social networks and their value in professional development. The research was carried out amongst a group of 298 students from the Faculties of Pedagogy and Teacher Training at the University of Barcelona. The methodology used was what is typical for an exploratory descriptive/comprehensive study, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection strategies. The quantitative study was carried out using an ad hoc questionnaire specifically prepared for the research (QBP). This first analysis was complemented with a qualitative study in the form of four discussion groups in which a total of 53 students participated. The conclusions show that university students have high professional goals but seek compatibility between their work and other vital roles. In connection with future aspirations, they are positioned in favour of leadership of an expert type as opposed to corporate leadership. Perhaps for this reason, they are not inclined to create social networks for exclusively professional purposes and advocate more cooperative networks. Finally, and in the light of the results, fear of a negative assessment may be the barrier that could most condition the professional progress of women university graduates. As regards the techniques used, the focus group has proven to be an extremely valuable tool, acting as a space for the creation of collective know-how and reflexive stimulus.

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