Islam, Democracy, and Citizenship Education: An Examination of the Social Studies Curriculum in Pakistan

Abstract

Since the 1980s the mission of the national citizenship education curriculum in Pakistan has been the Islamization of society.The government curriculum guidelines require textbooks to emphasize Islam as the national ideology of the state of Pakistan.Recognizing the deleterious effect of an exclusivist curriculum on the civic unity of the nation, some stakeholders propose a liberal-democratic reform agenda for social studies.The main goal of the proposed agenda is to use the curriculum for creating a tolerant, moderate, and enlightened citizenry.However, proponents of a theocratic vision of good citizenship, which currently dominates the curriculum, vehemently oppose these reform efforts.

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