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This chapter provides a brief historical outline of the salient stages that lead to, and ultimately produced, organized tracts of rabbinic material. The period of the second Jewish commonwealth served as major context for the development and propagation of what ultimately found its way into the literary tradition of the Sages. It was precisely during Herodian rule that a central Sage, Hillel the Babylonian, was able to flourish. The present work focuses primarily on the elements whose orientation was towards the study and teaching of Tora, ultimately resulting in the creation of rabbinic literature. The fall of Jerusalem and destruction of the Second Temple, following decades of turmoil and four bitter years of revolt throughout the Land of Israel demanded the immediate establishment of new social and religious frameworks, if the Jewish people were to survive and retain their national identity. Keywords: Herodian rule; Hillel; Jerusalem; Rabbinic period; second Jewish commonwealth; Tora
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