From Creeping to Sprinting: The Foreign Policy of Montenegro

Abstract

Following a plebiscite held on 21 May 2006, Montenegro declared independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro on 3 June 2006. While in the period after the Yugoslav disintegration Montenegrin politics developed alongside the politics of Milošević’s Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), the decade preceding the independence of Montenegro was marked by internal discord over whether Montenegrins were distinct from Serbs or not, and the corresponding debate over whether the country should separate from Serbia or remain in a common state with it. Montenegro’s independence drive and the departure from the common state with Serbia, which were mediated rather than supported by the EU, generated a divergence in the foreign policy of Montenegro from that of Serbia. Hence, this chapter seeks to solve the puzzle of how Montenegro’s foreign policy was gradually shaped from that of a republic in the FRY to that of an independent state. Given that the developments in Montenegro’s foreign policy were heavily marked by the relationship between Montenegro and Serbia, they can be divided into four periods: (1) foreign policy with Serbia within Yugoslavia before 1996; (2) foreign policy during the period when Montenegro opposed Milošević (1997–2001); (3) foreign policy within the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (2002–2006); and (4) foreign policy after independence (2006-present).

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