In this chapter, the Working to Learn Group identifies six major challenges for researchers, practitioners and policy makers to address if workplace learning is to have a viable and effective future and a role to play in the further democratic development of societies based on commitments to learning, equality and social justice. These are: (1) to make a realistic assessment of the progress being made towards the achievement of a 'learning society'; (2) to critically examine the discourse about the nature of work modernisation and its effect on employers' demand for skills and more participative forms of management; (3) to recognise that employers and employees have different interests in relation to training and development which in turn contribute to economic success, the changing demands of employment, and an inclusive society; (4) to recognise the many different forms of workplace learning; (5) to understand and engage with the complex linkages between workplace learning and economic outcomes at the level of United Kingdom (UK) policy and international comparison; and (6) to re-examine social rights in the light of increased demands for people to be 'flexible' and 'adaptable' in relation to the labour market, with the resulting high level of employment insecurity.