URBAN CONGESTION INDEX PRINCIPLES

Abstract

THE MEASUREMENT OF CONGESTION, IF EXPRESSED AS AN INDEX FIGURE WOULD: (1) PROVIDE A MEANS OF COMPARING THE CONGESTION EXISTING IN ONE PLACE WITH THE CONGESTION EXISTING IN ANOTHER PLACE, WHETHER A SPOT, A SECTION OF HIGHWAY, OR AN AREA, (2) PROVIDE A MEASUREMENT OF TRENDS IN CONGESTION FOR ANY SUBJECT OF STUDY, WHETHER ONE FACILITY OR AN AREA, AND (3) SERVE AS A USEFUL TOOL FOR FORECASTING INDUCED TRAFFIC, WHICH IS DEPENDENT UPON POPULATION DENSITY AS RELATED TO STREET ADEQUACY. IN THE SEARCH FOR A METHOD OF APPRAISING CONGESTION AND DETERMINING ITS DEGREE OR INTENSITY, TIME AND SPACE SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS THEY ARE REFLECTED IN DENSITIES OF TRAFFIC, VOLUMES OF TRAFFIC, TRAVELING TIMES, OR OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAFFIC MOVEMENT. THE CONCEPTS OF OPERATIONAL-CHARACTERISTICS, FREEDOM-OF-MOVEMENT, AND VOLUME-TO-CAPACITY ARE BEING APPLIED TO THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINING A CONGESTION INDEX. HOWEVER, A NEED FOR STANDARDIZATION WHICH IS ACCEPTABLE TO ALL RESEARCHERS IS NECESSARY BEFORE CORRELATIONS AND COMPARISONS CAN BE MADE FROM OTHER EVALUATIONS OF MEASUREMENTS.

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