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Incorporation bias in studies of diagnostic tests: how to avoid being biased about bias

7 references·6 citing·44 second hopsampled

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References

1999Empirical Evidence of Design-Related Bias in Studies of Diagnostic Tests1,860 cited
2003The STARD statement for reporting studies of diagnostic accuracy: explanation and elaboration1,214 cited
2003Towards Complete and Accurate Reporting of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy: The STARD Initiative703 cited
2006Evidence of bias and variation in diagnostic accuracy studies612 cited
2007Evaluation of diagnostic tests when there is no gold standard. A review of methods525 cited
2003Assessment of the accuracy of diagnostic tests: the cross-sectional study315 cited
1999Evaluating Bias and Variability in Diagnostic Test Reports124 cited

Cited by

2013Understanding the Direction of Bias in Studies of Diagnostic Test Accuracy247 cited
2013Latent Class Models in Diagnostic Studies When There is No Reference Standard--A Systematic Review224 cited
2023Assessing risk of bias and applicability47 cited
2016Partial verification bias and incorporation bias affected accuracy estimates of diagnostic studies for biomarkers that were part of an existing composite gold standard23 cited
2021Diagnostic Accuracy Studies in Radiology: How to Recognize and Address Potential Sources of Bias15 cited
2023Best Practice for MRI Diagnostic Accuracy Research With Lessons and Examples from the LI‐RADS Individual Participant Data Group10 cited

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