This chapter defends the claim that invertebrates possess concepts against the so-called "generality constraint", first proposed by Evans. The use of the term "concept" in philosophy is systematically ambiguous. But sometimes concepts are intended to be mental representations, concrete components of the physical tokenings of the thoughts of which they form part. The chapter concerns almost exclusively with concepts in the latter sense. The question is whether invertebrates possess the sorts of mental representations that are the components of genuine thoughts. Someone might seize upon the distinction drawn between system-1 and system-2 thinking to propose that genuine thinking and genuine concepts should be reserved to system 2, with the sorts of system-1 thoughts and concepts that we share with the rest of the animal kingdom being described as mere proto-thoughts and proto-concepts. From the standpoint of cognitive science distinctively human thinking consists of mere faux-thoughts.
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