The Impact of Women’s Position in the Labour Market on Pay and Implications for Productivity

Abstract

Variations in the impact of children on women's employment Tax/benefit effects on women's participation in paid work Ethnicity Women's working time preferences Occupational and industrial segregation Part-time working Employers' views on working time Sticky floor International comparisons Discrimination Regional, industrial, firm and sectoral structuring of the labour market Unionisation Public sector Industrial sector and firm size Region Returners: a key group with low productivity The business case and the whole economy case Decomposing the pay gap, and understanding the implications for productivity Key elements in the gender pay gap and their implications for productivity Section 3:Quantifying the pay gap and examining the implications for productivity 51 Section 4:Survey of women's occupational mobility surrounding childbirth 68 and circumstances under which they would choose more training, education and employment * These figures are an index of the extent to which women and men work in male dominated occupations and show that women work in occupations that are 34% male, whilst men work in occupations that are 70% male.The impact of women's position in the labour market on women's pay, and implications for UK productivityThe nature and extent of labour market rigidities and failuresLabour market rigidities are a possible further reason for differentiation between women and men's pay and productivity.These may constitute market failures in preventing the best matching of a person to the most suitable job, although the extent to which this is the case in relation to specific practices has been subject to debate.One possible cause of labour market failure is the lack of information and appreciation by employers of the implications of their practices (Casey et al, 1997).Several different kinds of labour market failures have been suggested including: Insufficient flexibility and support to allow work/life balance Section 4: Survey of women's occupational mobility surrounding childbirth and circumstances under which they would choose more training, education and employment Department for Education and Employment (1999b) Education and Training Statistics for the United Kingdom, 1998.(London: The Stationery Office).

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